English

KUSANGALALA KWACHIdule kwa “ZOPHUNZITSA ZOPHUNZITSA” ZINTHU ZAMBIRI ZONSE ZOPHUNZITSIRA.

ABSTRACT: Forging zitsulo akhoza kugawidwa mu carbon zitsulo, otsika aloyi zitsulo, sing'anga aloyi zitsulo ndi mkulu aloyi zitsulo.Zitsulo zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi katundu ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Monga 5CrMnMo, 3Cr2W8V chitsulo chogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zitsulo zotentha zimafa;1Cr13, 2Cr13, 3Cr13, 4Cr13 zitsulo zogwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zamankhwala;1Cr18Ni9, 1Cr18Ni9Ti chitsulo chogwiritsidwa ntchito m'zigawo zosagwira dzimbiri;Chitsulo cha Mn13 chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazigawo zosavala;ntchito kutentha 5CrMo, 4Cr10Si2Mo zitsulo zitsulo;kapena 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 2205, 45, 42CrMo, 27SiMn, 40CrNiMo, 40Cr, Q345B/C/D/E, GCr15 zitsulo, etc. forgings cylinder;kapena forgings zida 40Cr, 42CrMo, 20CrMnMo, 20CrMnTi, 42CrMo, 40Cr zitsulo ndi zina zotero.

 

Pano pali kagawo kakang'ono ka zitsulo zodziwika bwino kuti mufufuze mosavuta.Onani pansipa:

1. 20SiMn

  • Ili ndi mphamvu zina ndi kulimba, magwiridwe antchito abwino a makina, komanso ntchito yabwino yowotcherera.Itha kusintha zitsulo za 27SiMn ndi S45C;
  • Oyenera kuwotcherera ma electroslag, ma hydraulic props amodzi ndi magawo omwe ali ndi makulidwe akulu a khoma;
  • Kukhazikika kwamphamvu ≥ 450;Zokolola mphamvu ≥ 255;Elongation ≥ 14;Mphamvu zamphamvu ≥ 39;Gawo kukula (m'mimba mwake kapena makulidwe): 600 ~ 900mm;
  • Njira zochizira kutentha: normalizing + tempering.

2. 35SiMn

  • Ili ndi mphamvu zambiri, kukana kuvala, kulimba komanso kukana kutopa, makina abwino, kulimba kwabwino, kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa kuwotcherera, komanso pulasitiki yapakatikati yoziziritsa.Chuma chabwino, chimatha kusintha 40Cr kapena pang'ono m'malo mwachitsulo cha 40CrNi;
  • Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'ma shafts ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati ndi magiya,monga magiya otumizira, zitsulo zazikulu, zopota, zozungulira, ndodo zolumikizira, nyongolotsi, ma tram shaft, ma jenereta, ma crankshafts, ma flywheel, ma hubs, ma impellers, zogwirira ntchito, zolimira, chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika.Zomangira zofunika zosiyanasiyana komanso zazikulu ndi zazing'ono;
  • Kukhazikika kwamphamvu ≥885MPa;Zokolola mphamvu ≥735MPa;Elongation ≥15;Mphamvu zamphamvu ≥47;
  • Njira zochizira kutentha kwanthawi zonse: kuzimitsa madigiri 900, kuziziritsa kwa madzi, kutentha kwa madigiri 570, kuziziritsa kwamadzi kapena kuziziritsa kwamafuta.

3. 50SiMn

  • Kulimba kwamphamvu komanso kulimba kwabwino, kukana kwa dzimbiri, kukana kutentha kwa okosijeni, kukonza kosavuta kwa pulasitiki, kutha kwapamwamba, komanso kumva kupsa mtima.Mutha kusintha 40Cr;
  • Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagiya akuluakulu a mphete, mawilo ndi magawo a shaft okhala ndi magawo ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati.

4. 16MnCr

  • Chitsulo chochokera ku Germany, chofanana ndiChina 16CrMnH, ali ndi kuuma kwabwino komanso kusinthasintha kwabwino, kulimba kwambiri pamtunda, kukana kuvala kwambiri, komanso kulimba kwamphamvu kwapang'onopang'ono;
  • Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazigawo zazikulu, monga magiya, ma giya, mphutsi, manja osindikizira, zisindikizo zamafuta a turbine, manja a petulo ndi ma bolts, ndi zina zotero;
  • Mphamvu yamphamvu 880-1180;Zokolola mphamvu 635;kutalika 9;Kuuma ≤297HB;
  • Mafotokozedwe a chithandizo cha kutentha: 900 ° C kuzimitsa mafuta + 870 ° C kuzimitsa mafuta, 200 ° C kutentha.

5. 20MnCr

  • Chitsulo cha carburizing chotumizidwa kuchokera ku Germany,chofanana ndi 20CrMn ku China, chingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chitsulo chozimitsidwa komanso chowotcha.Good kuuma, yaing'ono kutentha mankhwala mapindikidwe, zabwino otsika kutentha toughness, bwino kudula ntchito, koma weldability osauka;
  • Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazigawo zokhala ndi gawo laling'ono, kuthamanga kwapakatikati komanso popanda katundu wambiri,monga magiya, ma shafts, ndodo zolumikizira, zozungulira, manja, mawilo akukangana, nyongolotsi, zingwe zazikulu, zolumikizirana, kugwirizanitsa konsekonse, zosintha Mkono wa wowongolera liwiro ndi ma bolts a chivundikiro cha chotengera chothamanga kwambiri, etc.;
  • Mphamvu yolimba 1482;perekani mphamvu 1232;kutalika 13;mphamvu yamphamvu 73;kuuma 357HB;
  • Mafotokozedwe a chithandizo cha kutentha: 900 ° C kuzimitsa mafuta + 870 ° C kuzimitsa mafuta, 200 ° C kutentha

6. 20CrMnTi

  • Chitsulo chopangidwa ndi carburized.Kuuma kwamphamvu ndikwambiri, machinability ndi abwino, makina osinthika ndi ochepa, komanso kukana kutopa ndikwabwino.Ali ndi kulimba kwamphamvu kwapang'onopang'ono komanso kutsekemera kwapakatikati;
  • Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagetsi otumizira magalimoto, omwe amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati magiya, magiya, magiya a mphete, mitu yamtanda, ndi zina zambiri;mbali zofunika ndi mtanda gawo zosakwana 30mm, monga magiya, mphete mphete, zitsulo zida, kutsetsereka zinyalala, mitsinje waukulu, zikhadabo zowomba, mphutsi, mitu mtanda, etc.;
  • Kukhazikika kwamphamvu≥1080(110);Zokolola mphamvu≥835(85);Elongation≥10;Mphamvu zamphamvu≥55;Mtengo wa kulimba kwamphamvu≥69(7);Kuuma ≤217HB;
  • Kutentha mankhwala specifications: Kuzimitsa: nthawi yoyamba 880 ℃, kachiwiri 870 ℃, mafuta kuzirala;kutentha 200 ℃, madzi kuzirala, mpweya kuzirala.

7. 20MnMo

  • Kuchita bwino kwa kuwotcherera.Mankhwala a zitsulo za SA508-3cl.2 ndizofanana kwambiri;
  • Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa kutentha kwapakati ndi ziwiya zothamanga kwambiri, monga mutu, chivundikiro chapansi, silinda, etc.;
  • Kukhazikika kwamphamvu ≥470;Zokolola mphamvu ≥275;Elongation ≥14;Mphamvu zamphamvu ≥31.

8. 25CrMo4

  • Mphamvu zazikulu ndi zolimba, kuuma kwakukulu, kusakwiya msanga, kutenthetsa bwino kwambiri, chizolowezi chochepa chopanga ming'alu yozizira, machinability wabwino ndi kuzizira kwa pulasitiki.
  • Nthawi zambiri ntchito kuzimitsidwa ndi kupsya mtima kapena carburized ndi kuzimitsidwa boma, izo ntchito kupanga mkulu-anzanu mipope ndi fasteners osiyanasiyana amene ntchito sanali dzimbiri TV ndi TV munali nayitrogeni ndi hydrogen zosakaniza ndi kutentha ntchito pansi pa 250 ℃, ndi apamwamba mlingo. kulowetsa Zigawo za Carbon, monga magiya, ma shafts, mbale zokakamiza, ndodo zolumikizira pisitoni, ndi zina zambiri;
  • Kuthamanga mphamvu ≥ 885 (90);Zokolola mphamvu ≥ 685 (70);Elongation ≥ 12;Mphamvu mphamvu ≥ 35;Impact kuuma mtengo ≥ 98 (10);Kuuma ≤ 212HB;
  • Kutentha kwamankhwala: kuzimitsa pa 880 ℃, kuziziritsa madzi, kuziziritsa kwamafuta;kutentha pa 500 ℃, madzi kuzirala, mafuta kuzirala.

9.35CrMo

  • Mkulu zikwawa mphamvu ndi durability pa kutentha, yaitali ntchito kutentha angafikire 500 ℃;zolimbitsa plasticity pa ozizira mapindikidwe, osauka weldability;kutentha otsika mpaka -110 ℃, ndi mkulu malo amodzi mphamvu, zimakhudzira toughness ndi mkulu kutopa mphamvu, Good hardability, palibe chizolowezi kutenthedwa, yaing'ono quenching mapindikidwe, plasticity chovomerezeka pa mapindikidwe ozizira, sing'anga machinability, koma pali mtundu woyamba wa mkwiyo brittleness; ndipo weldability si bwino.Iyenera kutenthedwa mpaka madigiri 150 ~ 400 Celsius musanawotchedwe.Post-weld kutentha mankhwala kuthetsa nkhawa.Nthawi zambiri ntchito pambuyo kuzimitsa ndi kutentha, itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pambuyo mkulu ndi sing'anga pafupipafupi pamwamba quenching kapena quenching ndi otsika ndi sing'anga kutentha tempering;
  • Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga magawo ofunikira pamakina osiyanasiyana omwe amakhala ndi mphamvu, kupindika ndi kugwedezeka, komanso katundu wambiri, monga magiya akuluakulu, mazenera onyamula katundu, ma rotor a injini ya nthunzi, ma shaft akulu, ma shaft othandizira, magiya, ma crankshafts, crankshafts, ndodo zanyundo. , Ndodo zolumikizira, zomangira, mipanda yolimba kwambiri yopanda mipanda, ndi zina zotero;
  • Kuthamanga mphamvu ≥ 985 (100);Zokolola mphamvu ≥ 835 (85);Elongation ≥ 12;Kuchepetsa dera ≥ 45;Mphamvu mphamvu ≥ 63;Impact kuuma mtengo ≥ 78 (8);Kuuma ≤ 229HB;
  • Kutentha kwamankhwala: kuzimitsa 850 ℃, kuziziritsa kwamafuta;kutentha 550 ℃, kuziziritsa madzi, kuziziritsa mafuta.

10. 42CrMo

  • Ili ndi mawonekedwe abwino amakina komanso magwiridwe antchito,ndipo mphamvu yake ndi kuuma kwake ndipamwamba kuposa 35CrMo;
  • Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma forging okhala ndi mphamvu zambiri kapena gawo lozimitsidwa komanso locheperako kuposa 35CrMo zitsulo, monga magiya akulu oyendetsa galimoto, magiya otumizira ma supercharger, ma axle akumbuyo, ndodo zolumikizira, zochepetsera, zolumikizira zolumikizira zapadziko lonse lapansi ndi magiredi 8.8, mabawuti, mtedza, washer , etc. m'mimba mwake mpaka 100mm;
  • Annealing kuuma 255～207HB, kuzimitsa kuuma ≥60HRC;

11. 50CrMo

  • Mphamvu ndi kuuma ndizokwera kuposa 42CrMo, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pambuyo pozimitsa ndi kutentha.Itha kulowa m'malo mwachitsulo chozimitsidwa ndi chotenthedwa ndi nickel yapamwamba;
  • Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma forging okhala ndi mphamvu zapamwamba kapena gawo lalikulu kuposa chitsulo cha 42CrMo, monga magiya akulu oyendetsa sitima, magiya otumizira ma supercharger, ma axle akumbuyo, masilindala a injini, 1200 ~ 2000m mafuta olumikizira chitoliro chakuya, zida zophera nsomba, ndodo za pisitoni ndi Gulu 8.8 zomangira ndi awiri a 100 ~ 160mm;
  • Njira yochizira kutentha: kuzimitsa 850 °;zoziziritsa kukhosi: mafuta;kutentha kwa 560 °;ozizira: madzi, mafuta;
  • Mphamvu yamphamvu ndi MPa1080;zokolola mfundo ndi MPa930;elongation ndi 12, kuchepetsa dera ndi 45, ndipo kuyamwa kwake ndi 63;

12. 20CrMnMo

  • Chitsulo chopangidwa ndi carburized, champhamvu kuposa 15CrMnMo;pulasitiki yotsika pang'ono ndi kulimba, kulimba kwapamwamba komanso makina amakina kuposa 20CrMnTi;zabwino mabuku mawotchi katundu ndi otsika kutentha zimakhudza toughness pambuyo quenching ndi tempering;apamwamba pambuyo pa carburizing ndi kuzimitsa Ali ndi mphamvu yopindika kwambiri ndi kukana kuvala, koma amatha kung'ambika panthawi yopera;weldability osauka, oyenera kuwotcherera kukana, preheating pamaso kuwotcherera, ndi kutentha pambuyo kuwotcherera;machinability wabwino ndi otentha ntchito.Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa 12Cr2Ni4;
  • Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zigawo zazikulu ndi zofunika kwambiri za carburized ndi kuuma kwakukulu, kulimba kwakukulu, kulimba kwakukulu ndi kukana kuvala, monga ma crankshafts, ma camshafts, ndodo zolumikizira, zida za gear, magiya, mapini apini, ndi zina zotero;
  • Kukhazikika kwamphamvu ≥ 1180;Zokolola ≥ 885;Elongation pambuyo fracture ≥ 10;Gawo kuchepa ≥ 45;Ntchito yoyamwitsa ≥ 55;Brinell kuuma ≤ 217;
  • Kutentha mankhwala: quenching Kutentha kutentha kwa 850 ℃;kutentha kutentha kwa 200 ℃;

13. 18MnMoNb

  • High kutentha kukana pansipa 500 ~ 530 ℃, kuwotcherera wabwino ndi processing ntchito;
  • Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo zamagetsi zothamanga kwambiri, ma hydraulic cylinders, hydraulic turbine shafts, etc. Low-alloy structural steel for boilers ndi zotengera zokakamiza.Ili ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso chiŵerengero cha zokolola, ntchito yabwino yopangira matenthedwe ndi kutentha kwapakati, njira yosavuta yopangira, ntchito yabwino yowotcherera, ndi kukana kutentha kwakukulu.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ng'oma zotenthetsera zotentha kwambiri komanso zotengera zazikulu zamankhwala;amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati ma shaft akuluakulu a ma hydraulic turbines ndi ma hydro-generator, ndi AC ndi DC shafts motor;
  • Kukhazikika kwamphamvu ≥635;Zokolola mphamvu ≥510;Elongation 17;Kutentha kwa chipinda kumakhudza kulimba kwa mtengo 69;
  • Kutentha kwachidziwitso chamankhwala: generalizing + kutentha mankhwala: 950 ~ 980 ℃ normalizing, kuteteza kutentha 1.5min～2.0min/mm, 600～650℃ kutentha, kuteteza kutentha 5min～7min/mm, kuzirala kwa mpweya.

14.42MnMoV

  • Kuzimitsidwa ndi kupsya mtima low alloy chitsulo.Ikhoza kusintha 42CrMo;
  • Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga ma shafts ndi magiya, etc.;
  • Pamwamba kuzimitsa kuuma ndi 45 ~ 55HRC;kulimba kwamphamvu ≥765;zokolola mphamvu ≥590;elongation ≥12;kuchepetsa dera ≥40;mphamvu yamphamvu ≥31;kuuma 241-286HB.

 

Gwero:Mabuku aukadaulo wamakina.

Editor: Ali

Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-16-2021